In 2023, Sri Lanka shipped rice processed in various forms to dozens of countries, generating millions of rupees in revenue. With paddy production exceeding 4.5 million metric tonnes (MT) in 2023, enough to meet the local demand for around 13 months, Sri Lanka’s rice export volumes included milled, semi-milled, and “broken rice,” typically in the thousands of metric tonnes. Despite fluctuations in global demand, Sri Lanka’s rice exports have found markets in Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, and even the Nordic region.
Although Sri Lanka is currently facing a rice shortage there is much potential to regain its export market.
India’s Dominance in Global Exports: India remains the largest exporter of rice in the world, accounting for over 25% of the global rice trade. The country exports both Basmati and non-Basmati varieties, and the volume of rice shipments continues to rise each year, cementing its position as the global leader in rice exports.
Vietnam’s Export Growth: Vietnam is a top rice exporter, ranked third globally after India and Thailand. The country has seen a steady increase in its rice export volumes, thanks to its high-quality white rice and efficient rice production systems. As of 2020, Vietnam’s rice exports contributed significantly to the global rice trade, particularly in Asia and beyond.
Thailand’s Focus on Premium Rice: Thailand has built its rice export success on the back of premium rice varieties like Jasmine rice. Known for its distinct aroma and flavor, Jasmine rice has earned a reputation as a high-end product on global markets, contributing to Thailand’s continued success as a major rice exporter.
Climate Change and Rice Export Trends: The unpredictable weather patterns caused by climate change are having an impact on rice production and export patterns worldwide. For instance, Sri Lanka’s 2024-25 Maha rice output is expected to be 6% below the five-year average due to flood damage, disease, and pests. As countries like Thailand and Vietnam adapt to these changes by focusing on drought-resistant rice varieties, the global rice trade continues to evolve.
Sri Lanka’s rice export business is a noteworthy example of how regional production can influence global supply chains and how processed rice in different forms is a sought-after commodity in many international markets. In 2023 alone, Sri Lanka exported 366,200 kg of “broken rice,” with notable shipments to India and Europe, highlighting the diverse uses of rice, from pet food to brewing and even baby formula.
