Ocean acidification, caused by rising CO2 levels dissolving into seawater, is a growing problem in Sri Lanka, though it remains under-researched. This chemical change threatens marine life, ecosystems, and coral reefs. However, local studies are limited by insufficient data, funding, and technology.
Sri Lanka’s National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) has set up two monitoring stations to track pH levels—one off the western coast and another near Trincomalee. While natural seasonal variations in pH have been recorded, four years of data is not enough to identify long-term trends. NARA also tracks ocean temperatures, which show a warming trend. Heatwaves lasting over a month have already caused coral bleaching in areas like Kalpitiya and Pigeon Island.
Dr. K. Arulananthan of NARA states that protecting mangroves and coral reefs is crucial. Mangroves absorb CO2, helping offset emissions, while protected marine zones reduce human impacts. However, long-term monitoring and better technology are essential for meaningful progress.
Prof. Terney Pradeep Kumara from the University of Ruhuna highlights gaps in data collection and coordination. Local studies need advanced tools like underwater data loggers to capture real-time trends. Without reliable long-term data, the effects of acidification on coral growth and biodiversity remain unclear.
Dr Sivakumaran Sivaramanan from the Central Environmental Authority stresses that addressing climate change is key to reducing acidification. While global CO2 emissions are the main driver, local actions like replanting mangroves and protecting marine habitats can help. However, these efforts require consistent funding, research, and collaboration.
The impacts of acidification will ripple through ecosystems, starting with corals and affecting fish and whales. Tackling this issue demands global and local efforts to combat climate change and protect Sri Lanka’s unique marine biodiversity.
